Environmental Justice During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this challenge is to use remote-sensing data and satellite images to help form a better understanding of societal trends as affected by COVID-19. Your challenge is to discern how human activity in communities of minority, low-income, tribal, and indigenous populations have changed as a result of COVID-19.

Shining Light on Minorities

Summary

COVID-19 made us realize the damage this pandemic is causing to minorities, deepening their already unjust living conditions: suicides from the LGTBQIA+ community have skyrocketed, children with disabilities' health has declined, and migrants and refugees have been left aside of the health system. These minorities require access to information to fight against these unfair conditions. We want to shine a light on them by using the EO dashboard data to visualize the places with no connectivity and start amending the injustices.

How I Addressed This Challenge

What we developed

We wrote a research paper exploring the injustice in access to electricity and information in the population using Earth Observation Dashboard data and satellite images from NASA. To raise awareness in our communities we created a video containing facts about the current situation of minorities worldwide. In this video we also make a call for donation. The money we raise goes to the United Nations Refugee Agency.


Paper: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i1TnMIBTsCn2OgJLWPIlWGnQUoLcGHDb/view?usp=sharing

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhX23ElR9Gc


Why it is important

Humanity has to be informed about the grave inequity between different population groups so that we can start to make a change as a people. We also want to bring across how accessible and easy to use satellite image are and demonstrate the power that lies within them.


How does it work?

The paper provides an in depth yet simple to understand and eye-opening insight into the situation of children with disabilities, refugees and LGBTQIA+ community members during this coronavirus pandemic. Additionally, we shot a short video (not the demo) containing the most important facts.


What do we hope to achieve?

  1. Raise awareness on the damage made by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on three minority groups (LGTBQIA+ community, children with disabilities, refugees and migrants).
  2. Shining a light on some minorities by using the EO dashboard data to visualize the places with no connectivity, start reducing inequalities and ensuring no one is left behind .
  3. Visualize the differences between these minorities in Latin America and European countries.
How I Developed This Project

Inspiration

We, a Swiss-Chilean team of three, met through our work for the student-led space analog mission Asclepios. We are space enthusiasts, rocket engineers, scientists and aspiring moon walkers with a big heart for our home planet, its environment and inhabitants. We believe in a better world for minorities, which is why we seek to reveal injustice and develop sustainable solutions. The international nature of our team offers us a unique perspective and a diverse community to reach out to.


Pride month inspired us to look at LGBTQIA+ community, while in person volunteering experience with children and refugees in the past has shown us the urgent need for change.



Approach

  • Creation of a logo and team name: Team Hestia! (Hestia is the Greek goddess of home and hearth)
  • Brainstorming sessions and team meetings throughout hackathon.
  • Definition of the communities we want to investigate
  • Assignment of the communities to the team members for the research / data collection
  • Reading of literature to deepen our knowledge and identify the needs of the minorities.
  • Gathering and analysis of satellite data
  • Surveys and interview
  • Analysis of surveys and interviews
  • Storyboard and scripting for the video
  • Recording the video clips and gathering "thank you" clips from the community
  • Writing of the paper
  • Creating a fundraiser to collect donations for refugees
  • Raising awareness through the spread of the video (will be continued after the hackathon)


Tools

  • Laptops and desktop computers
  • Adobe Photoshop CS6
  • Internet Browsers
  • Text editors (MS Word)
  • Google Drive
  • Zoom.us


Challenges and Problems

All of our team members faced some challenges. Here we list the most notable ones. During the hackathon one team member a faced two lengthy power blackouts in Chile, preventing them from working on the hackathon for several hours. Despite their knee injury they walked to another neighborhood that still had electricity to work from there. The second team member was traveling from Chile to Switzerland during the time of the hackathon, working offline in the airplane for a few hours. The third member of the team was working at a hospital during three days of the hackathon.

How I Used Space Agency Data in This Project
  • Earth Observation Dashboard: Population Density to visualize how many persons live in an area of interest (e.g. a refugee camp)
  • Earth Observation Dashboard: Facebook Population Density as a proxy for access to internet and electricity
  • NASA earth data COVID-19 Dashboard for taking images of an area of interest and zooming into the population density map to get a more detailed than in the EO Dashboard Population Density map
  • NASA Black Marble 2016 to study the anthropogenic light emission
  • NASA Worldview VIIRS Nighttime Imagery 2020 to study anthropogenic light emissions and compare them to the 2016 Black Marble data
Earth Observing Dashboard Integration

Ideas and Proposals for the Earth Observation Dashboard

To improve the understanding and visualization of societal trends using satellite data in the Earth Observation Dashboard, the following aspects are suggested for implementation in the future. 




  • Mobility Data indicator: Alongside the available categories like “grocery”, “ residential”, and “parks” a new category called “Migration” is proposed. The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) continuously tracks movements of refugees and internally displaced people which means that the data on the number of migrants for a given time is available. This would facilitate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises on migrating populations. 
  • Looking for detailed information of migrants and their behaviour during this pandemic clarified the absence of information in the key locations for both legal and illegal immigrants; the main hubs of refugee migration like the port of Lampedusa, Italy, and key migration territories like the Colombian-Venezuelan frontier and the country of Malta are lacking relevant information on how migration numbers have changed during the COVID-19 outbreak, which would be useful for understanding the reasons behind these variations and the importance of the access to information for migrants and how their situation depends of it. 
  • The 2016 Black Marble data should be actualized to address the changes in anthropogenic light emissions that might have arisen in the COVID-19 pandemic. This way settlements with improved or decreased access to electricity could be identified. 
  • The ability to zoom into the population density map provided by de EO Dashboard is required to help these communities to the fullest extent.  
  • In the dashboard from ESA (race.esa.int) many European countries are available that are missing in the Earth Observation Dashboard. Merging the additional countries and indicators of the European dashboard into the Earth Observation Dashboard will provide a more complete picture.
  • The need for a thorough mapping of Latin America is needed in order to increase the visibility of the challenges minorities are facing. The satellites orbit the whole planet over extended periods of time. Making all the data accessible would be a great advancement for open science
Data & Resources

The list of data and resources can be found in the paper.

Tags

#minorities #refugees #nightlights #LGBT # LGBTQIA+ #COVID19 #populationdensity #justice #children #disabilities #rural #internet #health

Judging

This project has been submitted for consideration during the Judging process.